Belt tensioner and method of making the same

ABSTRACT

A tensioner for a power transmission belt that is adapted to be operated in an endless path and a method of making the same are provided, the tensioner comprising a support unit for being fixed relative to the belt, a belt engaging unit carried by the support unit and being movable relative thereto, a mechanical spring unit operatively associated with the support unit and the belt engaging unit for urging the belt engaging unit relative to the support unit and against the belt with a force to tension the belt, and a frictional dampening unit operatively associated with the support unit and the belt engaging unit to dampen the movement of the belt engaging unit relative to the support unit in at least one direction of movement thereof. The dampening unit has a longitudinal axis and the support unit comprises a shaft having a longitudinal axis and being fixed from movement relative to the belt engaging unit. The belt engaging unit has a portion thereof rotatably carried by the shaft so as to rotate relative to the shaft. The dampening unit comprises a pair of frictionally engaging first and second parts with the first part comprising an annular pad of friction material that is coaxially disposed and axially movable on the shaft relative to the second part and another spring that urges the first part against the second part with a certain spring force.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional patent application of its copendingparent patent application, Ser. No. 827,572, filed Feb. 7, 1986, nowU.S. Pat. No. 4,661,087, which, in turn, is a divisional patentapplication of its copending parent patent application, Ser. No.643,504, filed Aug. 23, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,538.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an improved tensioner for an endless powertransmission belt or the like and to a method of making such atensioner.

2. Prior Art Statement

It is known to provide a tensioner for a power transmission belt that isadapted to be operated in an endless path, the belt tensioner comprisinga support means for being fixed relative to the belt, a belt engagingmeans carried by the support means and being movable relative thereto,mechanical spring means operatively associated with the support meansand the belt engaging means for urging the belt engaging means relativeto the support means and against the belt with a force to tension thebelt, and frictional dampening means operatively associated with thesupport means and the belt engaging means to dampen the movement of thebelt engaging means relative to the support means in at least onedirection of movement thereof. The dampening means has a longitudinalaxis and the support means comprises a shaft means having a longitudinalaxis and being fixed from movement relative to the belt engaging means.The belt engaging means has a portion thereof rotatably carried by theshaft means so as to rotate relative to the shaft means. For example,see the U.S. Pat. Nos. to Sproul, No. 4,362,525; to Hagger, No.4,351,636; to Sproul, No. 4,299,584; to Ford, No. 3,413,866 and to Leyeret al, No. 2,753,724.

It is also known to applicant to provide a tensioner for a powertransmission belt that is adapted to be operated in an endless path, thetensioner comprising a support means for being fixed relative to thebelt, a belt engaging means carried by the support means and beingmovable relative thereto, mechanical spring means operatively associatedwith the support means and the belt engaging means for urging the beltengaging means relative to the support means and against the belt with aforce to tension the belt, and dampening means operatively associatedwith the support means and the belt engaging means to dampen themovement of the belt engaging means relative to the support means in atleast one direction of movement thereof. The dampening means has alongitudinal axis and the spring means has a longitudinal axis and isspiraled about the axis thereof. The support means comprises a shaftmeans having a longitudinal axis and is fixed from movement relative tothe belt engaging means, the shaft means carrying the dampening meansand the spring means in spaced apart side-by-side relation thereon withthe axis of the shaft means being substantially coaxial with the axes ofthe dampening means and the spring means whereby the dampening means andthe spring means are coaxially spaced apart and are coaxially aligned bythe shaft means. The belt enaging means has a portion thereof disposedbetween the dampening means and the spring means and is rotatablycarried by the shaft means so as to rotate relative to the shaft meanswhereby the dampening means and the spring means are coaxially spacedapart from each other by the portion of the belt engaging means. Forexample, see the copending patent application of James K. Brew et al,Ser. No. 581,645, filed Feb. 21, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,172 andthe copending patent application of Randy C. Foster, Ser. No. 633,154,filed July 20, 1984 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,652

It was found that in the tensioner as set forth in the aforementionedcopending patent application Ser. No. 581,645 or Ser. No. 633,154, whilehaving a rotary fluid dampening unit being utilized in connectiontherewith, the rotary dampening unit additionally frictionally dampenedthe movement of the belt engaging means relative to the support meansbecause of the friction created between the relatively moving partsthereof and such frictional dampening increased the tighter the partsthereof were forced together during the assembly thereof.

Also, another known tensioner has the torsion spring thereof under axialcompression to axially force the belt engaging arm away from the springhousing and against a stationary friction disc surface whereby the sideof the belt engaging arm rubs against such friction surface under theforce of the torsion spring during movement of the arm relative to thesupport means of the tensioner for dampening purposes.

It is also known to applicant to provide a tensioner for a powertransmission belt that is adapted to be operated in an endless path, thetensioner comprising a support means for being fixed relative to thebelt, a belt engaging means carried by the support means and beingmovable relative thereto, and mechanical spring means operativelyassociated with the support means and the belt engaging means for urgingthe belt engaging means relative to the support means and against thebelt with a force to tension the belt. The spring means has alongitudinal axis and is spiraled about the axis thereof. The supportmeans comprises a shaft means having a longitudinal axis and is fixedfrom movement relative to the belt engaging means. The belt engagingmeans has a portion thereof rotatably carried by the shaft means so asto rotate relative to the shaft means, the portion of the belt engagingmeans having a slot therein. The spring means has an inner coil providedwith an inner end bent at an angle relative to the inner coil and isreceived in the slot to interconnect the spring means to the portion ofthe belt engaging means. For example, see the aforementioned twocopending patent applications, Ser. No. 581,645 and Ser. No. 633,154.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is one feature of this invention to provide a belt tensioner havingimproved means for frictionally dampening movement of the belt engagingmeans thereof relative to the support means thereof.

In particular, it was found that in the tensioner as set forth in theaforementioned copending patent application Ser. No. 581,645 or Ser. No.391,643, while having a rotary fluid dampening unit being utilized inconnection therewith, the rotary dampening unit additionallyfrictionally dampened the movement of the belt engaging means relativeto the support means because of the friction created between therelatively moving parts thereof and such frictional dampening increasedthe tighter the parts thereof were forced together during the assemblythereof.

Thus, it was found according to the teachings of this invention that africtional dampening means could be utilized in place of the rotaryfluid dampening means to provide the sole dampening force for dampeningthe movement of the belt engaging means relative to the support meansand that such frictional dampening means could comprise a pair offrictionally engaging parts one part of which comprises an annular padof friction material that is coaxially disposed and axially movable onthe shaft means of the tensioner relative to the other part and anotherspring means that urges that one part against the other part with acertain spring force. Such an arrangement readily permits the annularpart of the dampening means to self-align against its cooperating partso as to maintain full contact therewith, even with normal wear of thevarious members of the tensioner as will be apparent hereinafter.

For example, one embodiment of this invention provides a tensioner for apower transmission belt that is adapted to be operated in an endlesspath, the tensioner comprising a support means for being fixed relativeto the belt, a belt engaging means carried by the support means andbeing movable relative thereto, mechanical spring means operativelyassociated with the support means and the belt engaging means for urgingthe belt engaging means relative to the support means and against thebelt with a force to tension the belt, and frictional dampening meansoperatively associated with the support means and the belt engagingmeans to dampen the movement of the belt engaging means relative to thesupport means in at least one direction of movement thereof. Thedampening means has a longitudinal axis and the support means comprisesa shaft means having a longitudinal axis and being fixed from movementrelative to the belt engaging means. The belt engaging means has aportion thereof rotatably carried by the shaft means so as to rotaterelative to the shaft means. The dampening means comprises a pair offrictionally engaging first and second parts with the first partcomprising an annular pad of friction material that is coaxiallydisposed and axially movable on the shaft means relative to the secondpart and another spring means that urges the first part against thesecond part with a certain spring force.

It is another feature of this invention to provide means for protectingthe inner coil of the spiraled mechanical spring means of a belttensioner.

In particular, it was found according to the teachings of this inventionthat the inner bent end of the spiraled mechanical spring means of abelt tensioner that is received in a slot means of a portion of the beltengagin means to interconnect that inner end to that portion of the belttensioner tended to adversely flex the inner coil of the spring means asit bridged the joint area between that bent end and the inner coil ofthe spring whereby adverse wear occurred in such bridging area of theinner coil.

However, it was found according to the teachings of this invention thata protective shield can be disposed between the portion having the slottherein and the first coil of the spring adjacent to the bent endthereof to tend to prevent such adverse bridging arrangement.

For example, another embodiment of this invention provides a tensionerfor a power transmission belt that is adapted to be operated in anendless path, the tensioner comprising a support means for being fixedrelative to the belt, a belt engaging means carried by the support meansand being movable relative thereto, and mechanical spring meansoperatively associated with the support means and the belt engagingmeans for urging the belt engaging means relative to the support meansand against the belt with a force to tension the belt. The spring meanshas a longitudinal axis and is spiraled about the axis thereof. Thesupport means comprises a shaft means having a longitudinal axis and isfixed from movement relative to the belt engaging means. The beltengaging means has a portion thereof rotatably carried by the shaftmeans so as to rotate relative to the shaft means, the portion of thebelt engaging means having a slot therein. The spring means has an innercoil provided with an inner end bent at an angle relative to the innercoil and is received in the slot to interconnect the spring means tothat portion of the belt engaging means. A protective member is disposedbetween the portion of the belt engaging means and the inner coil of thespring means adjacent the inner end thereof to tend to protect the innercoil.

It is another feature of this invention to provide means to protect themechanical spring means of a belt tensioner.

In particular, it was found according to the teachings of this inventionthat the anti-friction disc for protecting the coiled spring and thepivot arm from each other could be utilized to substantially seal closedthe cup-shaped housing that contains the coiled spring therein.

For example, another embodiment of this invention provides a tensionerfor a power transmission belt that is adapted to be operated in anendless path, the tensioner comprising a support means for being fixedrelative to the belt, a belt engaging means carried by the support meansand being movable relative thereto, and mechanical spring meansoperatively associated with the support means and the belt engagingmeans for urging the belt engaging means relative to the support meansand against the belt with a force to tension the belt. The spring meanshas a longitudinal axis and is spiraled about the axis thereof. Thesupport means comprises a shaft means having a longitudinal axis and isfixed from movement relative to the belt engaging means, the beltengaging means having a portion thereof rotatably carried by the shaftmeans so as to rotate relative to the shaft means. The support meanscomprises a cup-shaped casing having an open end and receiving thespring means therein. An antifriction disc-like member is disposed onthe shaft means between the portion of the belt engaging means and thespring means, the disc-like member substantially sealing closed the openend of the casing.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improvedtensioner for a power transmission belt or the like that is adapted tobe operated in an endless path, the tensioner of this invention havingone or more of the novel features of this invention as set forth aboveor hereinafter shown or described.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method ofmaking such a tensioner, the method of this invention having one or moreof the novel features of this invention as set forth above orhereinafter shown or described.

Other objects, uses and advantages of this invention are apparent from areading of this description which proceeds with reference to theaccompanying drawings forming a part thereof and wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary isometric view looking toward the front end ofan automobile engine which utilizes the belt tensioner of thisinvention.

FIG. 2 is a view looking perpendicularly toward the front end of theautomobile engine of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary front view of the belt tensioner ofthis invention that is being utilized for tensioning the powertransmission belt of FIGS. 1 and 2 and illustrates various positionsthereof.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary rear view of the belt tensioner of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the belt tensioner ofFIG. 3 and is taken on line 5--5 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on line 7--7 of FIG.5 and illustrates other parts of the tensioner in dash-dotted lines.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 8--8 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on line 9--9 of FIG.6, FIG. 9 being partially in elevation.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the various partsof the belt tensioner of FIGS. 1-9.

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 5 and illustrates anotherembodiment of the belt tensioner of this invention.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of certain of the parts of thebelt tensioner of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a front view of a support member of another embodiment of thebelt tensioner of this invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 14--14 of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14 and illustrates another supportmember of another embodiment of the belt tensioner of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

While the various features of this invention are hereinafter illustratedand described as providing a belt tensioner for a particular powertransmission belt of a particular motor vehicle engine, it is to beunderstood that the various features of this invention can be utilizedsingly or in any combination thereof to provide a belt tensioner forother arrangements as desired.

Therefore, this invention is not to be limited to only the embodimentsillustrated in the drawings, because the drawings are merely utilized toillustrate one of the wide variety of uses of this invention.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an automobile engine is generallyindicated by the reference numeral 20 and utilizes an endless powertransmission belt 21 for driving a plurality of driven accessories ashereinafter set forth, the improved belt tensioner of this inventionbeing generally indicated by the reference numeral 22 and being utilizedto provide a tensioning force on the belt 21 in a manner hereinafter setforth.

The endless power transmission belt 21 may be of any suitable type knownin the art and is preferably made primarily of a polymeric materialbecause the unique features of the tensioner 22 of this inventionreadily permit the tensioner 22 to tension a belt having a polyesterload-carrying cord in an efficient manner as hereinafter described.

The belt 21 is driven by a driving sheave 23 which is operativelyinterconnected to the crankshaft of the engine 20 in a manner well knownin the art. The driving sheave 23 drives the belt 21 in an endless pathand thereby drives a sheave 24 of a power steering device used in anautomobile (not shown) utilizing the engine 20, a sheave 25 of an enginewater pump, a sheave 26 of an air pump of a type used in anantipollution system for the engine 20, and sheave 27 of an engineelectrical alternator 28, and a sheave 30 of a compressor 31 of an airconditioning system for the automobile utilizing the engine 20.

All of the driven accessories, through their sheaves 24, 25, 26, 27 and30, impose a load on the belt 21. However, only the detailed descriptionof the load being imposed by the compressor 31 and its sheave 30 on thebelt 21 will be hereinafter described inasmuch as such load is generallyof a comparatively high magnitude.

In particular, the compressor 31, upon being driven, creates a slackside 33 and a tight side 34 in the belt 21 upon turning on of the airconditioner system in the automobile, the slack side 33 and tight side34 being produced since the belt is rotating clockwise as indicated bythe arrow 35 in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The belt tight side 34 (and hence, slack side 33) varies in tightness,i.e., magnitude of tightness, in a cyclic manner and as a function ofthe inherent cyclic change in the loads imposed by the air compressor31. This cyclic change and load varies between greater extremes inapplications where the compressor 31 is of a piston type. The cyclicload imposed by the compressor 31 has a tendency to cause the slack side33 of the belt 21 to vibrate or oscillate.

In addition to such vibrations and oscillations of the belt 21, it isknown that normal belt wear and heat variations in the enginecompartment for the engine 20 produce variations in the length of thebelt 21 that require compensation for the same.

Thus, it is known that it is difficult to maintain such a belt 21 undertension with a force required to insure non-slipping engagement anddriving of the driven sheaves whereby numerous belt tensioners have beenproposed and used heretofore in an effort to provide the requiredtension.

For example, in automotive accessory belt drives, it is necessary toprovide the correct belt tension to control tension ratio throughout thelife of the belt. With the advent of the single belt V-ribbed drivesystem, such as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, this is of increasingimportance since belts are longer and some accessories are driven offthe back of the belts as a flat belt drive. Automatic tensioners ofvarious descriptions have been developed but none include in independentmeans of external dampening to enable tuning the system to remove inputtorsionals and prevent natural harmonics while allowing the tensioner torespond to changes in belt tension requirements.

It is believed that the improved belt tensioner 22 of this inventionfunctions in a manner to provide a proper tensioning force on the belt21 to overcome the aforementioned problems, namely, provides therequired tension in the overall belt 21 as well as prevents any tendencyof the belt to oscillate in an undesirable manner as a result of thecyclic load change imposed by the compressor 31 whereby the improvedbelt tensioner 22 of this invention will now be described.

As best illustrated in FIG. 5, the improved belt tensioner 22 of thisinvention comprises a support means 36 adapted to be fixed to a mountingbracket 37 of the engine 20 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. A beltengaging means that is generally indicated by the reference numeral 38is movably carried by the support means 36 in a manner hereinafter setforth. The tensioner 22 has mechanical spring means that is generallyindicated by the reference numeral 39 operatively associated with thesupport means 36 and the belt engaging means 38 to tend to urge the beltengaging means 38 against the slack side 33 of the belt 21.

The belt tensioner 22 also includes a friction dampening means that isgenerally indicated by the reference numeral 40 and is operativelyassociated with the support means 36 and the belt engaging means 38 todampen movement of the belt engaging means 38 relative to the supportmeans 36 in a manner hereinafter set forth.

The friction dampening means 40 and spring means 39 are coaxiallyaligned and the support means 36 includes a metallic tubular member orshaft means 41 that has a cylindrical opening 42 passing completelytherethrough to receive a fastening bolt 43 that is adapted to fastenthe tensioner 22 to the bracket 37 by passing through an opening 44 inthe bracket 37 and having a nut 45 threaded on the threaded end 46thereof to compact a washer 47 against the rear side 48 of the bracket37 while one end 49 of the tubular member 41 is being compacted againstthe front side 50 of the bracket 37 by the enlarged head 51 of the boltor fastening member 43 and its associated washer 52 engaging against theother end 53 of the tubular member or shaft means 41.

In this manner, the tensioner 22 of this invention is adapted to bemounted to the bracket 37 by the single bolt 43 that is inserted throughthe fastening opening 42 at the front of the tensioner 22, the fasteningopening 42 being coaxially disposed through the coaxially alignedfriction dampening means 40 and spring means 39 to render the tensioner22 relatively small and compact.

As best illustrated in FIG. 5, the tubular member 41 has the end 49thereof defining an annular shoulder 54 with a reduced portion 55extending from the shoulder 54.

A cup-shaped metallic housing member 57 has a closed end 58 and an openend 59, the closed end 58 having an opening 60 passing therethrough andbeing adapted to receive the reduced portion 55 of the end 49 of thetubular member 41 therethrough so that the reduced end 55 can besubsequently turned over or staked to the side 61 of the housing 57, thestaked portion of the end 49 of the tubular member 41 being indicated bythe reference numeral 62 whereby the housing 57 has its side 63 heldagainst the shoulder 54 of the tubular member 41 by the staking 62 sothat the housing 57 is fixed to the tubular member 41 and defines partof the support means 36 of the tensioner 22 of this invention as will beapparent hereinafter. Of course, the end 49 of the tubular member 41could be secured to the closed end wall 58 of the housing member 57 inany other suitable manner, as desired, such as by brazing the housingmember 57 to the reduced portion 55 of the shaft means 41.

When the tensioner 22 is subsequently mounted to the vehicle bracket 37by the single fastening member or bolt 43 in the manner previouslydescribed, rotation of the support means 36 relative to the bracket 37is prevented by a tang 64 that had been carved from the closed end 58 ofthe housing 57 and that projects into a suitably located opening 65 inthe bracket 37 as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 whereby the housing 57 isprevented from rotating relative to the bracket 37 and, thus, preventsthe tubular member or shaft means 41 from rotating relative thereto asthe tubular member 41 is fastened to the housing 57 as previouslydescribed.

A bearing member 66 comprising a cylindrical tubular portion 67 having acylindrical opening 68 passing therethrough is telescopically disposedon the tubular member or shaft means 41 of the housing 57 and has a discend member 69 adapted to be disposed against the closed end wall 58 ofthe housing member 57 as illustrated, the bearing member 66 being formedof any suitable material, such as an anti-friction plastic material, inorder to provide for relative movement of the belt engaging means 38relative to the fixed shaft means 41 as fully set forth in theaforementioned copending patent application, Ser. No. 581,645, filedFeb. 21, 1984, whereby this patent application is being incorporatedinto this disclosure by this reference thereto. In addition, the otheraforementioned copending patent application, Ser. No. 633,154, filedJuly 20, 1984, is being incorporated into this disclosure by thisreference thereto. Since other bearing means for permitting the beltengaging means to readily move relative to a fixed shaft means is fullydisclosed in the copending patent application of Randy C. Foster, Ser.No. 427,074 filed Sept. 29, 1982, now abandoned, this copending patentapplication is also being incorporated into this disclosure by thisreference thereto.

The belt engaging means 38 comprises a metallic pivot arm 70 having atubular portion 71 extending from one side 72 of an end portion 73thereof as well as a coaxially disposed tubular portion 74 extendingfrom the other side 75 of the end portion 73, the tubular portions 71and 74 and end portion 73 having a cylindrical bore 76 passingcompletely therethrough so as to be adapted to be telescopicallydisposed on the fixed shaft means 41 with the bearing sleeve 67 disposedtherebetween so that the end portion 73 of the arm 70 can rotate oroscillate relative to the fixed shaft means 41 for a purpose hereinafterset forth.

The other end 77 of the pivot arm 70 has a pivot extension 78 adapted topass through a central opening 79 in a belt pulley or wheel 80 which isfastened thereon by a suitable fastening means 81 being received in athreaded internal bore (not shown) in the end 82 of the projection 78whereby the wheel 80 is adapted to rotate on the pivot shaft 78 andengage against the belt 21 between the side flanges 83 thereof in amanner well known in the art.

The tubular portion 71 of the pivot arm 70 has a transverse slot 84formed therein and is adapted to receive an inwardly bent end 85 of aninner coil 86 of a spirally wound flat metallic spring member 87 thatcomprises the mechanical spring means 39 of the tensioner 22.

The spring member 87 has an outer end 88 bent at an angle relative to anouter coil 89 of the spring 39 and is adapted to be received in a slot90 formed in an annular side wall 91 of the support housing 57 so as tofasten the outer end 88 of the spring 87 to the support means 36, theinner end 85 of the spring member 87 being interconnected to the arm 70or belt engaging means 38 to tend to urge the pulley 80 toward the belt21 with a tensioning force of the spring member 87 in the manner setforth in the aforementioned copending patent applications.

It was found according to the teachings of this invention that the innerend 85 of the torsion spring member 87 at its joint area 92 with theinner coil 86 tends to weaken the inner coil 86 in the area of thereference numeral 93 as it begins to form the next inner coil 94 becausethe area 93 is held away from the tubular member 71 in a bridging manneras the same wraps around the inner coil 86 adjacent that joint area 92.

However, one feature of this invention is to provide a protective memberbetween the inner coil 86 and the tubular portion 71 of the beltengaging means 38 adjacent the bent inner end 85 of the spring member 87to tend to minimize such bridging problem.

In particular, a protective arcuate member 94 formed of any suitablepolymeric material has a thickened end 95 that tapers to a thinner end96 and is adapted to have its inner side 97 substantially conform to theouter peripheral surface 98 of the tubular portion 71 as illustrated inFIG. 7 with its end 95 being disposed adjacent the bent end 85 of thecoil 87 so that the portion 92 of the inner coil 86 will engage againstits outer tapering surface 99 from the end 96 thereof to the end 95thereof so that no substantial gap exists between the inner coil 86 andthe protective member 94 when the inner coil 86 is being wrapped uponitself during winding up of the spring means 87.

The protective member 94 has an integral disc part 100 provided with anopening 102 therethrough which is adapted to be telescopically disposedon the tubular portion 71 of the belt engaging arm 70, the disc part 100having an inwardly directed tang 103 for being received in the slot 84of the tubular portion 71 to rotationally orient the protective member94 as well as prevent rotational movement thereof relative to thetubular member 71 so that the protective member 94 is held in a positiveposition relative to the bent end 85 of the spring 87 as illustrated inFIG. 7 for the reasons previously set forth.

When the spring means 39 and belt engaging arm 70 are assembled on thebearing sleeve 66 and, thus, on the fixed shaft means 41, it can be seenthat the disc end 100 of the protective member 94 and the disc end 69 ofthe bearing sleeve 66 provide anti-friction material on adjacent sidesof the coiled spring member 87 to tend to reduce friction therewithduring the winding and unwinding of the spring strip 87 as set forth inthe aforementioned copending patent application Ser. No. 581,645, filedFeb. 21, 1984.

The friction dampening means 40 of the tensioner 22 of this inventioncomprises one part that is generally indicated by the reference numeral104 in FIG. 5 that is coaxially disposed on the shaft means 41 and isaxially movable thereon in a manner hereinafter set forth to cooperatewith another part of the dampening means 40 that is generally indicatedby the reference numeral 105 and comprises the side 75 of the endportion 73 of the belt engaging arm 70 as will be apparent hereinafter,the one part 104 comprising an annular pad 106 of any suitable frictionmaterial, such as conventional brake pad material, and a rigid metallicforce plate 107 that backs up the annular pad 106 of friction material.

In addition, the friction dampening means 40 includes a cup-shapedmetallic cover member or cap 108 that has a closed end 109 and an openend 110, the closed end 109 having an opening 111 formed centrallytherethrough and being press-fitted onto a knurled end portion 112 ofthe shaft 41 whereby the cover member 108 comprises part of the supportmeans 36 as the same is fixed to the fixed shaft means 41 of the supportmeans 36. The cover member 108, after being press-fitted onto theknurled end 112 of the shaft 41 so as to be non-rotatable relativethereto, is held in its final assembly on the fixed shaft means 41 afterthe tensioner 22 has been secured to the mounting bracket 37 by the bolt43 as the washer 52 compacts against the end 53 of the fixed shaft means41 as well as against the closed end 109 of the cover member 108 asillustrated in FIG. 5.

A spring means, independent of the torsion spring 39 of the tensioner22, is disposed between the cover member 108 and the part 104 of thefriction dampener 40 to urge the part 104 axially on the shaft means 41and against the other part 105 with a certain spring force to providefor the friction dampening of the movement of the arm 70 relative to theshaft means 41 and, thus, relative to the support means 36 for the samereasons that the aforementioned copending patent applications utilize arotary fluid dampening means for dampening such movement of the arm 70,such other spring means being generally indicated by the referencenumeral 113 and in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings comprisingan annular wavy metallic spring member 114 with it being understood thatthe spring means 113 could comprise a plurality of wavy spring members114 or other spring means as desired.

It was found according to the teachings of this invention that duringoperation of the belt tensioner 22, there is normal wear on the pivotbushing 67 during rotation of the belt engaging arm 70 thereon so thatthe end portion 73 of the arm 70 tends to cock on the shaft means 41through the worn out bearing sleeve 67 so that in order to assure thatthe annular pad 106 of the part 104 makes full annular contact with thesurface 75 of the end portion 73 of the pivot arm 70, the part 104 ofthe friction dampening means 40 is provided with spline means 115 thatproject from the side 116 of the backup plate 107 of the part 104 to beloosely received in suitable spline openings or means 117 formed througha dampener bushing 118 formed of polymeric material and having thetubular portions 119 thereof press-fittingly received in suitableopenings 120 formed in the cover 108 so as to hold the bushing 118 fromrotation relative thereto. However, because of the loose connection ofthe projections 115 in the openings 117 as well as through the normalresiliency of the polymeric material forming the part 118, the part 104of the friction dampening means 40 is adapted to cock relative to theshaft means 41 and thereby apply the full side 121 of the annularfriction pad 106 against the surface 75 of the end portion 73 of thepivot arm 70 through the self-aligning relation of the spline means 115and 117 and the action of the spring means 113 tending to axially movethe part 104 relative to the part 105 as previously set forth.

If desired, the side 116 of the backup plate 107 of the part 104 can beprovided with an annular projection 122 that is adapted to be receivedwithin an opening 123 through the spring member 114 to position the samerelative thereto in the manner illustrated in FIG. 6.

While the friction pad 106 can be carried by the backup plate 107 in anysuitable manner, the annular pad 106 has projections 124 extending fromthe side 125 thereof to be respectively received in openings 126 formedthrough the backup plate 107 so as to interconnect the pad 106 theretothrough the spline connections 124 and 126.

In this manner, it can be seen that the annular pad 106 will not rotaterelative to the arm 70 as the arm 70 rotates on the shaft means 41because the annular member 106 is splined to the backup plate 107through the spline means 124, 126 and the backup plate 107 is, in turn,splined to the bushing 108 through the spline means 105, 117 with thebushing 118 being splined to the fixed cover member 108 through thespline means 119 and 120.

From the above, it can be seen that the various parts of the tensioner22 of this invention can be readily assembled onto the shaft means 41 ofthe support means 36 and be held together in the assembled relationthereon by the cover member 108 being press-fitted onto the knurled endportion 112 of the shaft means 41 as illustrated in FIG. 5.

The operation of the belt tensioner 22 of this invention will now bedescribed.

When it is desired to mount the tensioner 22 of this invention to theengine 20, the tensioner 22 is placed adjacent the bracket 37 with thespring means 39 having the pivot arm 70 in such a position that thepulley wheel 80 is disposed in a position that the arm 70 will have tobe rotated in a counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 in order to placethe pulley 80 on the belt 21. The tensioner 22 is so disposed againstthe bracket 37 that the projection 64 of the housing 57 is received inthe opening 65 of the bracket 37. At this time, the fastening member orbolt 43 is inserted through the opening 42 in the tubular member orshaft means 41 to project through the opening 44 in the bracket 37 andhave the nut 45 threaded on the threaded end 46 thereof to compact thetensioner 22 between the head 51 of the bolt 43 and the side 50 of thebracket 37 in the manner previously described so that the support means36 of the tensioner 22 is fixed to the bracket 37 and thereby fixedrelative to the belt 21.

Thereafter, the pulley 80 and the arm 70 are rotated in acounterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 so as to place the pulley 80 ontothe belt 21 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is illustrated by theintermediate full line position in FIG. 3 so that the torsion spring 87is wound up and is tending to urge the pulley 80 in a clockwisedirection against the belt 21, such adjustment of the pulley 80 onto thebelt 21 being facilitated by a suitable tool being inserted into arectangular opening 127 formed in the arm 70 so that the arm 70 can berotated to place the pulley 80 onto the belt 21 in opposition to theforce of the torsion spring 87.

Accordingly, in all operating positions of the arm 70 of the beltengaging means 38 as represented by the full lines and phantom lines inFIG. 3 of the drawings, the torsion spring 87 has a force tending tomove the belt engaging means 38 in a clockwise direction beyond even thelowest position illustrated in FIG. 3 so as to always provide atensioning force on the belt 21.

The movement of the belt engaging arm 70 relative to the support means36 is limited by stop edges 128 and 129 formed on the annular part 91 ofthe support member 57 and against which cooperating shoulders 130 and131 on the arm 70 will engage to thereby limit the rotational movementof the arm 70 in both directions on the shaft means 41.

Accordingly, assuming that the belt engaging means 38 is in the fullline position illustrated in FIG. 3 against the belt 21 and a normaloscillation of the belt 21 during the operation of the engine 20 for thereasons previously set forth causes the belt engaging means 38 to movefurther inwardly toward the belt 21 in a clockwise direction in FIG. 3,such clockwise movement of the arm 70 causes the end portion 73 torotate in a clockwise direction relative to the stationary surface 121of the pad 106 of friction material so that the friction material 106through the urging of the spring means 113 tends to retard such rotarymovement of the belt engaging arm 70 so as to dampen the movement of thebelt engaging means 38 toward the belt 21. Conversely, should thefluctuation of the belt 21 cause the belt engaging means 38 to move in acounterclockwise direction away from the belt 21 as illustrated in FIG.3, such movement of the arm 70 causes the surface 75 of the end portion73 thereof to rotate relative to the stationary surface 121 of thefriction pad 106 so that the friction pad 106 tends to retard suchmovement of the arm 70 so as to dampen such oscillation of the belt 21for the reasons previously set forth.

Therefore, it can be seen that the tensioner 22 provides for frictiondampening of the movement of the belt engaging means 38 relative to thesupport means 36 so as to prevent early wearout of the mechanical springmeans 39 that is operatively interconnected to the support means 36 andthe belt engaging means 38 in the manner previously set forth.

Also, it can be seen that since the friction dampening means 40 andmechanical spring means 39 of the tensioner 22 of this invention arecoaxially aligned on the fixed shaft means 41, such arrangement rendersthe tensioner 22 substantially small and compact while still permittingthe single fastening member 43 to secure the tensioner 22 to the bracket37 in the manner previously set forth.

It is to be understood that the dampening characteristics of thefriction dampening means 40 of the tensioner 22 of this invention can beprovided through variations in the material forming the pivot arm 70,surface preparation of the surface 75 of the arm 70, the particularfriction material forming the pad 106, the total contact area betweenthe pad 106 and the surface 75 of the arm 70 and the amount of springforce provided by the spring means 113.

While the belt tensioner 22 of this invention has been previouslydescribed as having the part 104 move against the surface 75 of the beltengaging arm 70, it is believed that the part 104 could be carried in asplined manner by the belt engaging arm 70 to rotate therewith andengage against a suitable stationary surface on the cover member 108 ifdesired.

For example, such a tensioner is generally indicated by the referencenumeral 22A in FIGS. 11 and 12 and parts thereof similar to thetensioner 22 previously described are indicated by like referencenumerals followed by the reference letter "A".

As illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, the end portion 73A of the beltengaging arm 70A is provided with a plurality of openings 132 passingtherethrough which are adapted to receive the tubular splines 119A ofthe plastic bushing 118A which in turn have the splined projections 115Aof the backup plate 107A received in the openings 117A thereof in aloose manner so that the backup plate 107A can self-align its annularpad 106A relative to the bushing 118A to have its surface 121A bearagainst a fixed surface 133 formed on the inside of the closed end wall109A of the cover member 108A that is fastened to the tubular member 41Ain the manner previously set forth.

The friction dampener 40A of the tensioner 22A includes one or more wavysprings 114A disposed between the bushing 118A and the backup plate 107Ato urge the surface 121A of the annular friction pad 106A against thesurface 133 of the cover member 108A to dampen movement of the beltengaging arm 70A as the annular pad 106A rotates therewith relative tothe surface 133 for the same dampening purposes previously set forth.

It is believed that by arranging the part 104A of the friction dampeningmeans 70A to be carried by the arm 70A and the part 105A of the frictiondampening means 40A to be the surface 133 of the cover 108A, the overalldimension 134 provided between the outside surfaces 48A and 135 of thecover member 108A as illustrated in FIG. 11 is smaller than the similardimension 136 illustrated in FIG. 9 where the output 104 of the frictiondampening means 40 is splined to the cover member 108.

It can also be seen in FIG. 11 that the tensioner 22A has the discportion 100A of the protective member 94A with an outside peripheralsurface 100'A that is disposed in substantially sealing relation withthe internal peripheral surface 91'A of the housing member or casing 57Ato substantially seal closed the open end 59A of the housing 57Aadjacent the spring 87A. If desired, the disc member 100A could beprovided with a rounded edge or even an arcuate annular rib that willextend into the housing member 57A along the surface 91'A to assure suchsubstantially sealing relation whereby dust and the like will beprevented from reaching the spring 87A during the operation of thetensioner 22A. In this regard, a suitable snap-in plug, formed ofpolymeric material or the like, can be snap-fitted into the slot 90 ofthe housing member 57 as illustrated in FIG. 6 by the dotted lines 90'so as to seal closed the slot 90 after the end 88 of the spring 87 hasbeen assembled in the slot 90 whereby such casing 57 would be furthersealed in a closed condition thereof.

Therefore, it can be seen that the disc member 100A of the tensioner 22Anot only serves the purpose of holding the end 73A of the arm 70A out ofcontact with the spring 87A and provide an anti-friction means againstthe spring 87A, but also the disc member 100A substantially seals closedthe housing member 57A to prevent dust and the like from reaching thespring 87A thereof. Of course, it is to be understood that the disc part100 of the tensioner 22 previously described could be made larger forthis same sealing purpose.

Also, while one form of housing member 57 has been provided for thesupport means 36, it is to be understood that other configurations canbe utilized.

For example, the tubular member or shaft means 41 could be cast ineither a casting for the support means 36 or in a casting for the covermember 108 for the friction dampening means 40.

For example, reference is now made to FIGS. 13 and 14 wherein a tubularmember or shaft means 41B has an opening 137 passing through the end 138thereof and having a cross pin 139 disposed therein, the end 138 andcross pin 139 being disposed in a metallic casting 140 that was castaround the same and forms a support means for a tensioner in such amanner that the same is adapted to be bolted to the engine by suitablefastening means passing through openings 141 thereof in any suitablemanner so that the remaining parts of the tensioner 22 of this inventioncan be assembled on the tubular member 41B in the manner previously setforth to form a tensioner to operate in the manner of the tensioner 22previously described.

Likewise, it can readily be seen in FIG. 15 that the shaft means 41C canhave the cross pin 139C in the end 142 thereof and be cast in a casting143 which will form the cover member of the friction dampening means 40previously described. The shaft means 41C can be hollow so as to have asingle bolt mount the same to the engine bracket means or the shaftmeans 41C can be solid and have an externally threaded reduced end 144which will provide the sole means for securing the shaft means 41C to amounting bracket of an engine or the like. A cover member for thetorsion spring of such a tensioner can abut against a shoulder 145 ofthe shaft means 41C so as to limit the compaction between the covermember 143 and the shoulder 145 during the assembly of the tensionerparts thereon.

Therefore, it can be seen that various modifications can be made in thevarious parts of this invention to provide an improved belt tensioner ofthis invention.

Thus, it can be seen that this invention not only provides an improvedbelt tensioner, but also this invention provides an improved method ofmaking such a belt tensioner.

While the forms and methods of this invention now preferred have beenillustrated and described as required by the Patent Statute, it is to beunderstood that other forms and method steps can be utilized and stillfall within the scope of the appended claims wherein each claim setsforth what is believed to be known in each claim prior to this inventionin the portion of each claim that is disposed before the terms "theimprovement" and sets forth what is believed to be new in each claimaccording to this invention in the portion of each claim that isdisposed after the terms "the improvement" whereby it is believed thateach claim sets forth a novel, useful and unobvious invention within thepurview of the Patent Statute.

What is claimed is:
 1. In a method of making, a tensioner for a power transmission belt that is adapted to be operated in an endless path, said method comprising the steps of forming a support means for being fixed relative to said belt, forming a belt engaging means to be carried by said support means and be movable relative thereto, operatively associating mechanical spring means with said support means and said belt engaging means for urging said belt engaging means relative to said support means and against said belt with a force to tension said belt, forming said spring means to have a longitudinal axis and be spiraled about said axis thereof, forming said support means to comprise a shaft means having a longitudinal axis and be fixed from movement relative to said belt engaging means, forming said belt engaging means to have a portion thereof rotatably carried by said shaft means so as to rotate relative to said shaft means, forming said portion of said belt engaging means to have a slot therein, and forming said spring means to have an inner coil provided with an inner end bent at an angle relative to said inner coil and received in said slot to interconnect said spring means to said portion of said belt engaging means, the improvement comprising the step of disposing a protective member between said portion of said belt engaging means and said inner coil of said spring means adjacent said inner end thereof to tend to protect said inner coil.
 2. A method of making a tensioner as set forth in claim 1 and including the steps of forming said portion of said belt engaging means to comprise a substantially cylindrical tubular portion telescopically disposed on said shaft means, and forming said protective member to be arcuate to substantially conform to said cylindrical tubular portion and said inner coil.
 3. A method of making a tensioner as set forth in claim 2 and including the step of forming said protective member to be thickner adjacent said bent inner end of said spring means and have the thickness thereof decrease in a tapering manner as said protective member extends away from said bent inner end in a circumferential direction on said cylindrical tubular portion.
 4. A method of making a tensioner as set forth in claim 3 and including the step of forming said protective member to have a part thereof disposed in said slot of said tubular portion to prevent rotational movement of said protective member relative to said tubular portion.
 5. A method of making a tensioner as set forth in claim 1 and including the step of forming said protective member from polymeric material. 